Issues For Building E-Solution: The Boon For The Future?health!
Abstract
The health care management is a critique for the coming phase of era, where every time a new decease, new viruses, high pollution, high food adulteration and new chemicals make the environment very critical to survive a human being. In this type of situation only the fast growing technology of IT and booming of internet with the medical technology can definitely helps to both normal persons and patients for taking care of health.
This article includes all the necessary aspects, which should be considered when we are going to build E- commerce solutions for ehealth care system e.g. selecting the best technology, business model , application model and software engineering issues etc. This also deals with, how this E-health care system can adopt the innovation in health care world? This also deals with the aspects of health care management where E-commerce must be used which can change the ratio of perfect treatment e.g. taking health care of newly discharged patients who are not able to come regularly until his/her fitness. They can online check their health statistics, consults with his/her doctor and order the medicines etc.
The topics which are included this article focusing on:
1) Choosing the best suitable technology and tools.
2) Considering the different health care issues and managing techniques.
3) Updating with the new information of medical world.
4) Connecting the patients with the consultants and hospitals.
5) Tacking feedback for improvement.
6) E-Solution building blocks.
7) Management of E solution.
1. Introduction
The patient safety highly depended on the community of care. Informational continuity, management continuity, and relational continuity were raised to categorize different sort of needs on continuity. In the case of our discussion only the issues for development and management are considered. As an important component of social security system, health care system plays a vital role in promoting social stability and reflecting the fairness of the system.
Diverse and typical health care systems are formed in different countries, based on different national conditions and human rights situation, as well as historical and cultural differences. Health care system seems most complicate and difficult to control among all social security systems, and its setting and performance concerns all of us. Health care system includes free medical services, medical insurances, medical assistance, and so on. In many countries across the world, it becomes a basic social and economic system.Professionals still need to address the issue of efficient electronic medical records. Thus, real-time information presents a persistent challenge to the emergency response community. In emergency situations, particularly with unconscious, incoherent and unaccompanied patients, providing emergency physicians with a patient’s accurate medical history could be the difference between life and death.
2. Technological and Managerial Issues
When, we are going to develop the e-solution for health care system then we choose any according to the requirement. we can select the suitable technology from available e.g. for development of e-solutions the Ms.NET platform is best for care management but when we concern about more security and overload, we can go for j2ee technologies, for the automatic equipment we can use advanced technologies of robotics and neural networks. Some available tools and technologies are described bellow:
Defined technological issues in Wikipedia:
Electronic Healthcare Records : enable easy communication of patient data between different healthcare professionals (GPs, specialists, care team, pharmacy).
Telemedicine: includes all types of physical and psychological measurements that do not require a patient to travel to a specialist. When this service works, patients need to travel less to a specialist or conversely the specialist has a larger catchment area.
Consumer Health Informatics: (or citizen-oriented information provision): both healthy individuals and patients want to be informed on medical topics.
Health knowledge management (or specialist-oriented information provision): e.g. in an overview of latest medical journals, best practice guidelines or epidemiological tracking. Examples include physician resources such as Medscape and MDLinx.
Virtual healthcare teams: consist of healthcare professionals who collaborate and share information on patients through digital equipment (for transmural care).
mHealth or m-Health: includes the use of mobile devices in collecting aggregate and patient level health data, providing healthcare information to practitioners, researchers, and patients, real-time monitoring of patient vitals, and direct provision of care (via mobile telemedicine).
Medical research uses eHealth Grids that provide powerful computing and data management capabilities to handle large amounts of heterogeneous data.
Healthcare Information Systems: also often refer to software solutions for appointment scheduling, patient data management, work schedule management and other administrative tasks surrounding health. Whether these tasks are part of eHealth depends on the chosen definition, they do, however, interface with most eHealth implementations due to the complex relationship between administration and healthcare at Health Care Providers.
RAFID:The RFID technology has penetrated the healthcare sector due to its increased functionality, low cost, high reliability and easy-to-use capabilities.RFID-based system architecture and data model that would provide efficient means to perform essential information management for emergency care across hospital and country boundaries.
Wireless sensor networks by JTH: The purpose of this project is to integrate the technologies of wireless sensor networks and public communication networks to construct a healthcare system for senior citizens at home without interfering their daily activities.
3. Connecting People with Innovation
First thing is to make people known with the technologies and promoting the e-solutions. So that we can facilitate people and can change the system of medical science for the best support for the health of people. In India there are so many rural areas that are not aware of these innovations. If we pay attention then we can see if field of medical science and hospitality there is no very good services and also the patients have to pay lot of money (or fee).
Defiantly when we will use the IT technologies in this field we can provide the drastic change in health of people.
4. Management Activities in Health Care
The major concerns of the management in health care are patient safety, service quality and risk management. When, we are going to develop an e-solution for health care first we have to categories the field and type of services. The system may be for: Home health care application, use of health smart card system, An RFID-based System for Emergency Health Care Services, Cross-Domain Communication of Health Care Units and Climate Impact of Material Consumption in the Health etc.
Major management concerns are:
Managing unwell patients (with particular
emphasis on managing chronic conditions,
implants, embedded medication).
Managing the health of well patients (“wellness management”).
Clinical support (from primary service to acute one and managing the interface among other.
Support services, social services, accommodation, education).
Proper knowledge management in health care system.
Proactive Health Care management.
5. E-Solution Building concerns
The e-solutions building blocks for any type of system must have the following blocks:
The system architecture must be flexible and reliable. For this purpose we can use the layered approach p as proposed by Lillian Rostad, Norwegian University of Science and Technology.
Best research method should be included.
Security and safety are the major concern for this purpose we can adapt the security architecture:
Discussion for future challenge.
Using of good decision system based on heuristic and meta knowledge. As
Clinical Process Intelligence Using Process and Workflow Mining..
Clinical Process Execution and Monitoring.
Query-Based Requirements Engineering for Health Care Information.
System must include the health education facilities.
Smart Environments for Elderly and patient Care
6. Concluding remark
Today we see an increasing interest in developing technical solutions, by academics and industry alike, to problems associated with healthcare delivery. The
problem is technically challenging and socially important. A fundamental challenge for work in this
area is the scale of the undertaking: in order to develop realistic solutions an interdisciplinary team is required. Furthermore, in the case of developing integrated home-care solutions (as our Smart Condo project aims to be), substantial physical resources are required. This requirement for substantial up-front investment makes the need for systematic software-engineering methods, tailored to the area, even more pressing.
7. Future Scope
Now this time of age many developed countries uses the EHR (Electronic Hospital Report)and EMR(Electronic Medical Reports), no hand written report is allowed but they are facing personal issues of doctor and patients etc. but this system will definitely change the scenario of health care and make the perfect treating and cure very fast in very effective way.
10. References
[1] E-commerce Systems Architecture and applications By: Rajput, Wasim
Published By: Artech House
[2] E-Health care information system
By Joseph K. H. Tan
[ 3 ] IEEE: http://www.computer.org
[ 4 ] E-learning for health care:www.e-lfh.org.uk” target=”_blank” title=”E learning for Health care”> www.ebenefitsinc.com.” target=”_blank” title=”ehealth care”>
Mohammad Azam MCA, BCA contact 9911937244 Android IT services, sector-11, noida
Online Medicine – The Doctor is IN
Technology has changed our lives drastically over the past 20 years. Just about everything can be done online these days from shopping, dating and working to even consulting a doctor thousands of miles away.
One of the fastest growing online medical Internet platforms is Myca which allows doctor-patient consultation remotely, by phone, email, instant messaging or even videoconferencing. It also enables patients to schedule doctor’s appointments online. Myca is barely two years old but has gained quite a following. In the US, the Myca Platform goes under the Hello Health trademark. Welcome to today’s e-practice. The doctors call themselves “your friendly 21st doctors in the neighbourhood”.
Telemedicine / virtual medicine encompasses any digital form (e-mail, fax, telephone, videoconferencing, etc.) of bringing together patients and physicians. However, with the arrival of less expensive broad-band internet access and digital imaging, telemedicine currently refers to interactive, full motion, two-way video and audio over high-speed data networks. Patients and physicians are connected through secure web camera video that also allows rapid assessment of the patient.
What makes e-practices appealing?
(1) Cost-efficiency. E-practices need fewer personnel to run and operate, need less space to rent, thus have less overhead. This translates into cheaper bills for patients. E-practices normally charge less than the traditional doctor’s practice.
(2) Convenience. E-practices are efficient and convenient. Patients can set appointments online, and can choose the media they prefer. There are less hassles, no long waiting time in waiting rooms, no long drives or commutes to see a specialist. Refilling of prescriptions goes faster. Medical information is all stored electronically, easily available for future use.
(3) Privacy. For one reason or another, patients may prefer a more discrete way of consulting a doctor rather than just simply walking into a doctor’s practice. E-practices offer the anonymity that many patients may wish for. For the Internet generation, online medicine is hip and cool. The Facebook-like platform of Hello Health appeals to this age group.
Skeptics, however, assert that virtual practices can’t truly replace traditional face-to-face medical practice. Here are their arguments:
(1) Lack of empathy. Many people feel that medicine is becoming dehumanized by technological advancement. Bedside manners are important aspects of medicine wherein e-practices are rather lacking. A picture on the video screen or a voice over the phone is no substitute for a flesh-and-blood doctor.
(2) Data protection and privacy. E-practices have to rely on electronic health records. Due to well-publicized cases of data stealing and hacking, concerns over data protection are still a major hurdle to overcome.
(3) Regulation and accreditation. Virtual practices now exist all over the world, from Europe to India. Anybody can pretend to be health practitioner online. Scams over the Internet abound. Think about online pharmacies that offer all types of medications that may turn out to be counterfeit, much worse dangerous. Many health advocates are concerned about similar scams that can put the susceptible patient at risk. Currently, there are no real regulations governing e-practices.
Telemedicine doesn’t simply stop at consultation but extends to follow-up care of the chronically ill. How about having somebody to remind you of checking your blood pressure, taking your medicine, and refilling your prescription? Canadian researchers investigated the effect of computer-automated phone calls in the management of hypertension. Their results show that such a system helps patients manage their hypertension effectively.
A policy statement from the American Heart Association recommends “the implementation of telemedicine within stroke systems of care.” These recommendations especially apply in remote rural areas where there are no specialized stroke centers and very few neurologists to cover emergencies. Telestroke patients provide their medical history online and are examined by doctors remotely. Pictures from neuroimaging are displayed on the doctor’s local computer and quickly interpreted. If needed, treatment including thrombolysis (clot-busting) is ordered and can be monitored. In addition, with the use of the so-called crowdsourcing diagnostic data, neurologists are now able to diagnose more accurately ischemic stroke.
Cost-efficiency and acheiving a better and more accurate diagnosis utilizing crowdsourcing is the major argument in favor of telemedicine. The Canadian study on automated blood pressure monitoring system had to conduct an additional investigation on cost effectiveness. Without this additional benefit, the healthcare system wouldn’t accept it. Crowdsourcing diagnostics is a tool which can be used by doctors in an online or face-to-face practice. Using computer software, doctors enter the symptoms and test results of a patient, and the software give the most likely diagnoses and the probability for each.
An example of such a software is SimulConsult, a sophisticated online crowd-sourcing tool for identifying neurological disorders that demonstrates the potential of the Web to transform the way all kinds of diseases are diagnosed. It is like having access to the knowledge and experience of hundreds of other doctors. The result is better and quicker diagnosis, avoidance of unnecessary tests and referrals to the wrong specialists, and lower health care costs.
However researchers have identified six major barriers to the effectiveness of telemedicine, not only in stroke care but in general medical care overall; defining medical specialties suitable for telemedicine, medical licensure and liability laws, securing the health information being shared, creating simple processes for requesting and performing the consultation, developing financial models for reimbursement of telestroke services and gaining acceptance of remote consultation from patients, physicians, and payers.
Online medicine is also involved in one of the most exciting and promising areas of surgery – robotic telesurgery as opposed to the more common procedure of robotic-assisted surgery.
The da Vinci Surgical System is the most well known robotic assisted surgery system and has been around for more than a decade. It has been used in different kinds of surgical interventions from laparoscopic surgery to radical prostatectomy to heart bypass. The da Vinci is intended to assist in the control of several endoscopic instruments, including rigid endoscopes, blunt and sharp dissectors, scissors, scalpels, and forceps. The system is cleared by the FDA to manipulate tissue by grasping, cutting, dissecting and suturing.
Another system is the ZEUS Robotic Surgical System which has been cleared by the FDA “to assist in the control of blunt dissectors, retractors, graspers, and stabilizers during laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgeries”. It, too, is used to assist surgeons and has one advantage over da Vinci – it responds to voice commands.
Unlike robotic-assisted surgery which requires the physical presence of the surgeon on location, telesurgery can be performed by the surgeon from remote- the so-called online surgeon. In telesurgery the surgeon sits in a console and guides “the movement of the robotic arms in a process known as telemanipulation”. In the UK, kidney operations have been performed by a robot remotely operated by a surgeon thousands of miles away. In Italy, a robot performed a heart surgery controlled remotely by a surgeon in Boston. These are, strictly speaking, not “unmanned” or “unassisted” surgeries but these are pioneering examples of telesurgery which allows surgeons to operate wherever they are. It is not yet as advanced or as popular as manned robotic surgery.
Robotic or telesurgery has the advantage of precision miniaturization, minimally invasive, less risk of infection, less blood loss, faster healing and shorter hospital time. Because of these advantages robotic surgery has become the favorite method of performing prostatectomy on men with suspected prostate cancer. It supposedly helps keep urinary and sexual function after the procedure.
Currently, robotic surgery is still of limited use due to the following limitations:
(1) Cost. Only big hospitals with sufficient funds and high caseloads can afford to invest in surgical robots. A da Vinci System would cost between 1 to 1.7 million US. Currently, there are only about 1,100 of these machines in the world.
(2) Acceptance. Many patients may still have the problem of accepting the fact that a machine is cutting them up or that the surgeon is thousands of miles away. For others, it can even be scary to imagine that medicine can be performed via YouTube or that medical records are exchanged over Facebook. As patients become more technology savvy, the acceptance will also increase.
(3) Training. A robot is only as good as its operator. It is estimated that a surgeon has to work on 100 cases before he can confidently and efficiently perform cardiac surgery with a robot. According to Dr. Douglas Murphy, a cardiac surgeon at St. Joseph’s Hospital in Atlanta, there’s no immediate financial incentive to do that [train in robotic surgery] since the reimbursement is the same. That means few surgeons — let alone other members of the surgical team — can afford to travel and observe an expert in action. That is why Murphy and colleagues, set up the first “robotic surgery college.” Using multimedia presentations, web chats, and live video feeds of interventions, experts in Atlanta are now training surgeons thousands of miles away in robotic surgery.
From consulting and diagnosing to performing telesurgery, online medicine is here to stay and continues to proliferate. Despite legitimate concerns, the Doctor is IN.
The article “Online Medicine – The Doctor is IN” may be found in its entirety on http://HealthWorldNet.com
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